Glaucoma may be an autoimmune disease
August 2018 | Science News
A new study finds glaucoma may be an autoimmune disorder, mediated by T cells that target heat shock proteins in the retina. The discovery suggests it could be possible to develop new treatments for glaucoma by blocking this autoimmune activity.
Study provides snapshot of mechanism behind cancer metastasis for the first time
August 2018 | Science News
Researchers from the University of Minnesota Twin Cities confirmed a link between healthy-tumor hybrid cells and metastatic tumors for the first time in live animals. In APL Bioengineering, from AIP Publishing, the team discusses how they studied the distinct, heterogenous gene expression profiles found in human hybrid cells and how hybrid cells spontaneously occur in mouse models.
Pathways Ebola virus uses to enter cells Knowledge may be useful in treating other conditions
August 2018 | Science News
The cellular pathway under study is called autophagy, a word that literally means "self-eating." This ancient mechanism is switched on by cells to destroy invading foreign material or consume its own organelles and protein complexes in order to recycle nutrients and survive. Autophagy generally takes place inside the cell. Conducting in vitro work using live Ebola virus, Dr. Shtanko found that, surprisingly, this mechanism was clearly active near the surface of the cells and plays an essential role in facilitating virus uptake.
Aging Cells Rejuvenated When Hydrogen Sulfide Gives Splicing Factors a Lift
August 2018 | Science News
New research shows hydrogen sulfide affected splicing factor expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA replication, DNA damage, telomere length, and senescence-related secretory complex (SASP) expression in senescent primary human endothelial cells.
New system allows rapid response to heart attacks, limits cardiac damage
August 2018 | Science News
Researchers from North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have developed a drug-delivery system that allows rapid response to heart attacks without surgical intervention. In laboratory and animal testing, the system proved to be effective at dissolving clots, limiting long-term scarring to heart tissue and preserving more of the heart's normal function.
Discovery of new epithelial lung cell type may affect cystic fibrosis therapy
August 2018 | Science News
Scientists have discovered a new type of cell in the human respiratory tract called the pulmonary ionocyte, and linked it to lung function decline in cystic fibrosis.
Thalidomide’s Birth-Defect-Causing Mechanism Finally Uncovered
August 2018 | Science News
Thalidomide causes the degradation of a surprisingly wide range of transcription factors, which are cell proteins that help switch genes on or off. But SALL4 is of special interest because it is also implicated in Duane Ray Syndrome. Specifically, SALL4 is mutated in Duane Ray Syndrome, which is evident in newborns and is characterized by missing thumbs, underdeveloped limbs, eye and ear defects, and congenital heart disease—problems that mirror those in children exposed to thalidomide in the womb.
Cancer Cells Feel Acid's Sting
August 2018 | Science News
Scientists report that cancer cells proliferate less and in a less robust manner when their internal pH is lowered, i.e., it becomes more acidic. This finding offers opportunities for new therapeutic approaches to tackle the disease, according to the team who published their study (“Systems analysis of intracellular pH vulnerabilities for cancer therapy”) in Nature Communications.
Cancer Immunotherapy Looks to Exploit Hair Loss Gene
July 2018 | Science News
For many patients diagnosed with cancer, hair loss is often an inevitable consequence of various therapeutic interventions. Yet, what if instead of worrying about trying to abolish the negative hair loss side-effect of cancer therapies, scientists were able to exploit hair-loss genetics to improve the new wave of immunotherapy compounds.
BRAF inhibitors may be effective at treating rare ovarian cancer, study shows
July 2018 | Science News
New research has shown that ovarian cancer patients with a tumor mutation in the BRAF gene respond exceptionally well to treatment with targeted drugs, known as BRAF inhibitors.
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