Tumor necrosis factors (or the TNF-family) refers to a group of cytokines family that can cause apoptosis. TNF acts via the TNF Receptor (TNF-R) and is part of the extrinsic pathway for triggering apoptosis. TNF-R is associated with procaspases through adapter proteins (FADD, TRADD, etc.) that can cleave other inactive procaspases and trigger the caspase cascade, irreversibly committing the cell to apoptosis.TNF interacts with tumor cells to trigger cytolysis or cell death. TNF also interact with receptors on epithelial cells, which leads to increased vascular permeability allowing leukocytes access to the site of infection.
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